Wednesday, 28 November 2012

The Dos And Don'ts Of Branding - A Minefield Of Names


Monday 17 September, 2007
A company's brand stands on three legs: Name, Logo and Tagline. None of them is easy to get right, yet all of them are keys to defining the company, building recognition in the marketplace and developing loyal customers.
A strong brand can evoke emotions or perceptions that influence customers' purchasing decisions.
Advertising folks like to think that they make brands, but advertising is just one component of building a brand. The best campaign will not help a company that falls short on other counts, like the way the phones are answered, product quality, packaging and delivery. Even the look of the truck and its driver matter. A single dirty Woolworths truck can tarnish the image of the Fresh Food People.

The benefits of a strong brand

  • The brand reflects the special attributes of your company and its value proposition.
  • Your brand gives your marketing and sales campaigns clear focus - on websites, newsletters, events, advertising, PR and even product packaging.
  • A brand defines the product, its quality, characteristics and usability.
  • A brand makes a promise to the customer, a promise that you and your employees must deliver on every day.
  • The customer relies on your brand to deliver. If it does, loyalty and repeat business are guaranteed.
  • The customer expects your brand to be responsive to the needs of a changing world (example: Nike's treatment of workers in poor countries brought the company a lot of bad PR).
  • A brand confirms a customer's self-image and self-esteem. Proud customers are loyal customers.
  • Strong brands command bigger profit margins and greater market share than weak ones (customers are prepared to pay a premium for a top brand).
  • Strong brands are more attractive to investors.
  • A strong brand is immune from product life cycles - companies can maintain the brand while altering the underlying product (example: Apple iTV, iPhone).
  • Strong brands lend themselves to brand extension, i.e. spin-offs or new products.

The minefield of company names

Company names are often historical, sometimes carrying the name of the founder. That's not a drawback unless the name is awkward or common. 
These days, most company names are ‘designed' by naming or branding agencies. With so many mergers and acquisitions, new names are needed in large numbers. Coming up with new names tends to involve serious brainstorming, intensive research, carefully selected focus-groups, market testing in special clinics and more.
Often the results do not reflect the effort invested in the process, with names giving the distinct impression that they've been random-generated by a computer.
Rule 1: Clever is good, too clever is not - If the name means nothing to most people, it may be too clever and therefore loses all its power.
Rule 2: Names that are awkward are more than obstacles - A ravine many customers may not cross if they can't ask for it without blushing.
Rule 3: Names that need explanation lead to obfuscation - It should be clear straight away.
Rule 4: Names devoid of meaning are, well, devoid of meaning - Vapid names are all the rage it seems. They're easier forgotten than remembered and make us hark back to strong names like 'Broken Hill'.
Rule 5: Insist on a reality check - The agency assures you the name tests off the charts on the scalar measures of distinctiveness and appropriateness, but it may leave us scratching our heads.
Rule 6: Re-branding is a rare opportunity not to be squandered - The idea is to make the change an improvement on the existing name.

Branding is an art form

Money can't buy us love or happiness. The same applies to great names and taglines. Creativity does not reach greater heights in proportion to the money spent on it. Like great novels, names and taglines aren't created by committees and focus groups. Some of the best ideas have come to a single mind thinking about the right idea at the right time, in the right way.
In the same way, the most effective names and taglines are created with individual skill. It comes down to word craft, and a knack for playing with words, meanings, humour and quirky angles. It can happen standing in the shower or walking along the street - something triggers something else and it ‘clicks' into place. 


Source:ceoonline.com

How To Conduct A Brand Audit


Tuesday 18 March, 2008
Brand is what differentiates your company from your competitors. Taking an outside-in view of your company will drive initiatives that create greater market share and build customer loyalty. So how do you conduct a brand audit?
Brand is not just your company's name and logo.

Brand is:

  • The unique impression you leave on your customers
  • About how your customers feel about you
  • How your company looks
  • The special way you deliver your service and products
  • Your attitude and the way you advertise yourself
Brand is important because a consistent brand means you can spend less money attracting new customers. It means that your customers keep returning, you're able to charge a higher price for your services, and you get more word-of-mouth referral.
Big companies the world over have huge folders devoted to their brand guidelines, with detailed instructions about how and where logos can be used, the colour palette allowed and what their promise to customers is. They have these folders and these rules, because they know the value of a strong, consistent brand. The good news is that it's easy for any business to get on board the "brandwagon"!

The brand audit process helps determine:

  • The strength of your brand
  • What's good about it
  • Where it works
  • How well your customers can recall it
  • Uncover weaknesses and inconsistencies
  • Show you where there are opportunities for improvement
The outcome of the audit is to ensure consistency in the way your business is promoted and perceived. This leads to a stronger brand and therefore, a stronger company.

To successfully conduct a brand audit your research needs to include:

  1. Marketing brand audit

    A complete review of the physical representation of the brand (stationery/advertising etc.)
  2. Internal brand audit

    Conducting employee workshops and management interviews
  3. External brand audit

    Conducting external market research ie customers, target market and stakeholders from whom you want to find out how the company is spoken of, its current positioning and perceived culture

You need to go over a wide range of areas including:

  • Typefaces and colours

    Are these consistent across your stationery, emails, website, marketing materials, uniforms and signage?
  • Imagery

    Do the photos/illustrations you use all have the same hue, framing and characteristics?
  • Email tagline

    Does everyone in the company use the same email tagline, or do some not use one at all?
  • Tone of voice

    Do your sales material, website, emails and letters all use the same tone of voice and same language style?
  • Reception area

    Is it in keeping with your brand?
  • Name tags

    Are these consistent in typeface, colour and quality?
  • Packaging

    Is your product's packaging distinctive and in keeping with your brand?
  • Communication

    Is your phone answered in the same manner every time. Is this first introduction to your company in keeping with your brand?
  • Advertisements

    Do you chop and change your style regularly or is your advertising instantly recognisable based on its theming?
  • Employees

    Do they feel the same way about the company's values or is there a wide disparity in views? Do they treat customers in much the same way, or are there huge discrepancies? A mystery shopper program can be useful to determine this.
During an audit you might realise your company is promising one thing to your customers but delivering something else. This destroys customer loyalty, and reduces sales. Or you might discover your brand has lost its sense of direction and what it stands for. If this is your discovery, revitalising your brand would be the next step.
The most valuable brands in the world have achieved their position not just through implementing an initially strong branding strategy, but more so, by monitoring changes in customer perceptions over time, and being strategically flexible to these changes. Many businesses overlook the need to monitor their customer base in any great depth, as the focus is often all about acquiring new customers, not keeping current ones. A brand audit helps you do both.
Many unexpected positives can come out of an audit. You might need to make just a few tweaks to get back on track, or you might have to go through a thorough spring clean. Wherever you are on the scale, an audit helps give you an important perspective on your business. 


Source:ceoonline.com

Creating A Powerful Corporate Brand


Wednesday 3 December, 2008
Your corporate brand needs to be thoroughly thought out, planned, nurtured, executed, monitored and, when necessary, modified. It is the organisation's most valuable commodity and deserves to always be treated as such.
Development and management of the corporate brand is one of the most potent tools available for senior executives to use in ensuring the viable execution of the corporate vision.
Not only does the corporate image management process provide entrepreneurs and business leaders with the highest level of functional control of the organisation, it also provides one of the most powerful strategic marketing weapons available in the corporate arsenal.
Progressive corporate leaders will use this new management and marketing discipline to drive their organisations forward to victory in today's and tomorrow's marketing battlefields.

The underlying principle of this discipline is this: if it touches the customer, it's a marketing issueTM. Nothing touches the customer more than how they perceive your corporate image.
This fundamental perception will be the major factor that determines whether the customer will decide to conduct business with you and, more importantly, enter into a long-term and mutually rewarding relationship with your organisation.

There may be no greater marketing issue than corporate image management in today's increasingly competitive markets. In short, corporate image management will be a key marketing discipline well into the next century.
The ultimate battleground for winning and maintaining customer relationships now takes place in the minds, hearts, emotions and perceptions of the customer.

Developing a powerful corporate brand is a circular, continuous, five-phase process that can be applied at any stage of an organisation's development.
Unfortunately, the process is usually marketed as a once-off "corporate identity exercise", which CEOs resort to in times of turmoil, during periods of sweeping change, or when they desire to leave their mark on the organisation for future generations.

Corporate image management should not be an occasional stimulus that prompts the senior management of the organisation to regroup and analyse how to project the "best" image for the organisation.
It should not be a sporadic or irregular process of re-thinking key issues facing the company, and then packaging a plan of action items bundled under an inflated "mission statement" that gets communicated to the people in the organisation.
It should definitely not be a series of temporary measures that are reactions to market conditions that do not change the primary value systems or conduct of the organisation.

When organisations start to think "our customers just don't get it", or "if they really knew and understood us, they'd want to be our partner", the organisation has a corporate image perception problem that is not necessarily going to be fixed through marketing communications.
Most likely, the problem requires internal procedures and behaviour patterns to change and be communicated through action, not via a media campaign.

The consultants who come in and tell you that senior management needs to take time away from their busy schedules to participate in a short-term corporate identity exercise are wrong.
This leads to the attitude that the corporate image can be fixed through an assigned task force that will tell the rest of the organisation what and how to communicate the corporate identity.

Corporate brand management should be the driving force for a continuous process of thinking and evaluation on how the organisation can leverage its strengths and its corporate persona to evolve into the kind of organisation it desires to be.
It is the constant need for self-understanding and systemic feedback from employees, customers, stakeholders and the marketplace that is at the heart of an authentic corporate image management process. It is also a never-ending process that must be integrated into all aspects of the organisation.

The five phases of the corporate image management process are:

  1. Preliminary audit, research and evaluation
  2. Analysis, strategy, planning and development
  3. Creative exploration
  4. Refinement and implementation
  5. Monitoring, managing and marketing of the corporate image
This corporate image management process helps to ensure that channels of communication within the organisation, and with all appropriate external audiences, are both fluid and multi-directional.
Such fluidity helps to prevent mis-communication and better ensures that the organisation has a conscious and collective finger on the pulse of evolving market forces, marketing environment trends, changing customer needs and desires, and relationship development and maintenance requirements.

Internally, the multi-directional and cross-organisational communications result in almost everyone within the organisation understanding and accepting the collective goals and knowing the importance of the path being embarked upon by the organisation.
This becomes crucially important when the organisation begins to include partnering and external partnerships as part of its future growth strategy.

The objective of the corporate brand management process is to provide the organisation, on an on-going basis, with a cohesive corporate image management structure, corporate culture and a set of acceptable internal and external behavioural patterns.
A powerful corporate brand will provide optimum competitive advantages, increased employee morale and loyalty, and a future direction for the organisation.

A qualitative process

Part of the initial process to developing a powerful corporate brand comprises qualitative interviews with internal and external audiences.
The internal interviews are conducted at all levels of the organisation, from front-line staff and backroom support personnel, to senior management and the Board of Directors.
The interviews with external audiences will include key customers, end users, joint venture or other business partners, shareholders or other stakeholders, suppliers, distributors, retailers, prospective customers and partners, government officials, senior media people and other outside influences, competitors, and members of the general public.
The interviews focus on how the organisation is currently perceived by these key audiences and what perceptions are held about the company's direction for the future and its capabilities to handle or execute change.
The objective is to gain an understanding of the market's perception of the organisation by its customers, partners and competition, and to contrast these perceptions with those held by various levels within its own employee and management staff. Another aim is to identify the organisation's internal willingness and current acceptance levels for change.

While this research is qualitative in nature, the issues to be examined and discussed during the interview process are highly strategic in nature.
The benefit of the one-on-one qualitative interview methodology is that it allows each respondent to focus on those points that are of the greatest importance to them..
Due to the extreme sensitivity of the topics to be covered during the discussions, an outside resource is definitely required to handle and analyse these interviews. Also, the outside resource must completely ensure the confidentiality of each participant and in no way reveal to the client any details or particulars about which comments came from any individual.

The number of interviews required for this process to be effective is usually a minimum of between 25 and 40, depending upon the size and complexity of the organisation.
It is best if the interviews are conducted by two or more researchers or consultants, who then compare notes at the one-third point to see if any trends are already developing or if the questionnaire needs adjusting.

This methodology will yield a tremendous insight into the present corporate image of the organisation, as perceived both internally and externally. Because of the open-ended nature of the specific questions used, the feedback can be readily interpreted into specific observations and recommendations that can be actioned later in the corporate image management process.

The interview process answers these key questions:
  • How is the corporate image being portrayed and projected today?
  • How is the organisation perceived by its key internal and external audiences?
  • How does the image of the organisation compare with those of its competitors?
  • How does the image of the organisation compare to the image desired by management?
  • Will the current corporate image enable the organisation to reach the goals and objectives set for it over the next three to five years?
By starting the corporate brand development process with a review of the existing corporate brand perceptions, the organisation has a clear view and understanding of where it is today, an important criterion when trying to decide how one wants to be perceived in the foreseeable future.

From here, it is a matter of relatively simple steps to create a well-defined corporate brand positioning platform, that is supported by the core attributes of the organisation and a series of strategic image marketing objectives that will help to guide future business directions and brand development.

Source:ceoonline.com

Developing Your Brand


Thursday 27 March, 2008
Your brand is so much more than your logo or visual identity. It's the essence of who you are as a business.
Your brand is intrinsically linked to your reputation and can convey your vision and values to a wide audience. A strong brand will inspire trust and security among your clients and enhance your reputation within the broader community.
It is more important for you to develop a brand that is reflective of the business you represent and that appeals to your target audience, than to develop a brand that is instantly recognisable. Once you have achieved this, you can set about achieving brand recognition and market dominance if you want (and are prepared to pay for it).
Firms that have been operating within the confines of a particular brand for a number of years may decide to undertake a complete re-branding campaign, or you may decide to re-evaluate your purpose and ensure that your brand reflects your renewed vision.
Your motivations for doing this may be to more accurately reflect your vision and values, reflect the changing nature of your business or the services you offer, appeal to a new target audience, or to update your image.  Whatever your motivations for re-branding, the process itself will remain the same.
Re-defining your brand involves evaluating the value and culture of your business and products/services you offer your clients.
The re-development of your brand should start with a brand review. This involves:
  1. Articulating the values associated with your brand, and
  2. Translating those to a corporate identity
This may involve:
  • The development of your logo
  • Visual identity, and
  • Style guide
And this will in turn translate into the design of:
  • Your business cards
  • Stationery
  • Website
  • Publications
  • Marketing material, or
  • Brochures
When you consider your brand management, or strategies for generating brand awareness, you should think about what will make you stand apart from your competitors and what will appeal to your target market. 
You can start by:
  • Ensuring that all your marketing materials are consistently branded
  • Reviewing your website, and
  • Developing marketing and promotional material to suit your needs

Visual representation of your brand

When you have defined and developed your brand, it's time to consider your associated visual identity. You've done the hard work of re-evaluating your brand, values, vision, mission, culture and service/products and now you need to consider how to present your brand visually.
This process often starts by developing key messages and taglines that represent your brand and your values or your services. You should then meet with a graphic design agency and articulate to them your desire to re-brand (visually). Whatever your motivation for re-branding, the process will remain the same.
  1. Brief the designers on the process so far. They will evaluate your information and develop design concepts for a visual identity that is a reflection of your key messages. The identity will include an enhanced logo, a supporting tag line, colour palette and typography.
  2. Once you've finalised your visual identity, the graphic design agency will usually develop a style guide for your business. This will detail the correct use of every image, tagline and logo associated with the identity of your business.
  3. You can then determine how best to convey your messages to your potential clients using the visual library the graphic designs agency supplies.
A good place to begin implementing your new visual identity is on your website.  Your website is a vital tool in promoting your products and services to specific target audiences of potential clients, current clients, media and the broader business community. 
A website that is well branded and contains relevant information, is regularly updated, easy to navigate and locate through search engines and will position your business well in competitive markets.


Source:ceoonline.com

Creating A Powerful Corporate Brand


Wednesday 3 December, 2008
Your corporate brand needs to be thoroughly thought out, planned, nurtured, executed, monitored and, when necessary, modified. It is the organisation's most valuable commodity and deserves to always be treated as such.
Development and management of the corporate brand is one of the most potent tools available for senior executives to use in ensuring the viable execution of the corporate vision.
Not only does the corporate image management process provide entrepreneurs and business leaders with the highest level of functional control of the organisation, it also provides one of the most powerful strategic marketing weapons available in the corporate arsenal.
Progressive corporate leaders will use this new management and marketing discipline to drive their organisations forward to victory in today's and tomorrow's marketing battlefields.

The underlying principle of this discipline is this: if it touches the customer, it's a marketing issueTM. Nothing touches the customer more than how they perceive your corporate image.
This fundamental perception will be the major factor that determines whether the customer will decide to conduct business with you and, more importantly, enter into a long-term and mutually rewarding relationship with your organisation.

There may be no greater marketing issue than corporate image management in today's increasingly competitive markets. In short, corporate image management will be a key marketing discipline well into the next century.
The ultimate battleground for winning and maintaining customer relationships now takes place in the minds, hearts, emotions and perceptions of the customer.

Developing a powerful corporate brand is a circular, continuous, five-phase process that can be applied at any stage of an organisation's development.
Unfortunately, the process is usually marketed as a once-off "corporate identity exercise", which CEOs resort to in times of turmoil, during periods of sweeping change, or when they desire to leave their mark on the organisation for future generations.

Corporate image management should not be an occasional stimulus that prompts the senior management of the organisation to regroup and analyse how to project the "best" image for the organisation.
It should not be a sporadic or irregular process of re-thinking key issues facing the company, and then packaging a plan of action items bundled under an inflated "mission statement" that gets communicated to the people in the organisation.
It should definitely not be a series of temporary measures that are reactions to market conditions that do not change the primary value systems or conduct of the organisation.

When organisations start to think "our customers just don't get it", or "if they really knew and understood us, they'd want to be our partner", the organisation has a corporate image perception problem that is not necessarily going to be fixed through marketing communications.
Most likely, the problem requires internal procedures and behaviour patterns to change and be communicated through action, not via a media campaign.

The consultants who come in and tell you that senior management needs to take time away from their busy schedules to participate in a short-term corporate identity exercise are wrong.
This leads to the attitude that the corporate image can be fixed through an assigned task force that will tell the rest of the organisation what and how to communicate the corporate identity.

Corporate brand management should be the driving force for a continuous process of thinking and evaluation on how the organisation can leverage its strengths and its corporate persona to evolve into the kind of organisation it desires to be.
It is the constant need for self-understanding and systemic feedback from employees, customers, stakeholders and the marketplace that is at the heart of an authentic corporate image management process. It is also a never-ending process that must be integrated into all aspects of the organisation.

The five phases of the corporate image management process are:

  1. Preliminary audit, research and evaluation
  2. Analysis, strategy, planning and development
  3. Creative exploration
  4. Refinement and implementation
  5. Monitoring, managing and marketing of the corporate image
This corporate image management process helps to ensure that channels of communication within the organisation, and with all appropriate external audiences, are both fluid and multi-directional.
Such fluidity helps to prevent mis-communication and better ensures that the organisation has a conscious and collective finger on the pulse of evolving market forces, marketing environment trends, changing customer needs and desires, and relationship development and maintenance requirements.

Internally, the multi-directional and cross-organisational communications result in almost everyone within the organisation understanding and accepting the collective goals and knowing the importance of the path being embarked upon by the organisation.
This becomes crucially important when the organisation begins to include partnering and external partnerships as part of its future growth strategy.

The objective of the corporate brand management process is to provide the organisation, on an on-going basis, with a cohesive corporate image management structure, corporate culture and a set of acceptable internal and external behavioural patterns.
A powerful corporate brand will provide optimum competitive advantages, increased employee morale and loyalty, and a future direction for the organisation.

A qualitative process

Part of the initial process to developing a powerful corporate brand comprises qualitative interviews with internal and external audiences.
The internal interviews are conducted at all levels of the organisation, from front-line staff and backroom support personnel, to senior management and the Board of Directors.
The interviews with external audiences will include key customers, end users, joint venture or other business partners, shareholders or other stakeholders, suppliers, distributors, retailers, prospective customers and partners, government officials, senior media people and other outside influences, competitors, and members of the general public.
The interviews focus on how the organisation is currently perceived by these key audiences and what perceptions are held about the company's direction for the future and its capabilities to handle or execute change.
The objective is to gain an understanding of the market's perception of the organisation by its customers, partners and competition, and to contrast these perceptions with those held by various levels within its own employee and management staff. Another aim is to identify the organisation's internal willingness and current acceptance levels for change.

While this research is qualitative in nature, the issues to be examined and discussed during the interview process are highly strategic in nature.
The benefit of the one-on-one qualitative interview methodology is that it allows each respondent to focus on those points that are of the greatest importance to them..
Due to the extreme sensitivity of the topics to be covered during the discussions, an outside resource is definitely required to handle and analyse these interviews. Also, the outside resource must completely ensure the confidentiality of each participant and in no way reveal to the client any details or particulars about which comments came from any individual.

The number of interviews required for this process to be effective is usually a minimum of between 25 and 40, depending upon the size and complexity of the organisation.
It is best if the interviews are conducted by two or more researchers or consultants, who then compare notes at the one-third point to see if any trends are already developing or if the questionnaire needs adjusting.

This methodology will yield a tremendous insight into the present corporate image of the organisation, as perceived both internally and externally. Because of the open-ended nature of the specific questions used, the feedback can be readily interpreted into specific observations and recommendations that can be actioned later in the corporate image management process.

The interview process answers these key questions:
  • How is the corporate image being portrayed and projected today?
  • How is the organisation perceived by its key internal and external audiences?
  • How does the image of the organisation compare with those of its competitors?
  • How does the image of the organisation compare to the image desired by management?
  • Will the current corporate image enable the organisation to reach the goals and objectives set for it over the next three to five years?
By starting the corporate brand development process with a review of the existing corporate brand perceptions, the organisation has a clear view and understanding of where it is today, an important criterion when trying to decide how one wants to be perceived in the foreseeable future.

From here, it is a matter of relatively simple steps to create a well-defined corporate brand positioning platform, that is supported by the core attributes of the organisation and a series of strategic image marketing objectives that will help to guide future business directions and brand development.


Source:ceoonline.com

From Bland To Brand


Wednesday 27 April, 2011 
 
Unfortunately, the term 'brand' is an abused and confused term. 'A leading brand' is distinctly different from 'a well known company' and 'creating a new brand feel' is downright misleading when in fact the company logo and typeface is all that is being changed. So just what is a brand? Why is it important to you and how do you go about creating your own brand?
Unfortunately, the term 'brand' is an abused and confused term. 'A leading brand' is distinctly different from 'a well known company' and 'creating a new brand feel' is downright misleading when in fact the company logo and typeface is all that is being changed. So just what is a brand? Why is it important to you and how do you go about creating your own brand?

Building a brand

There are many definitions of a brand: a brand is what people associate with you when they think about your company, service or product. Slightly less worthy but still not quite there is: a brand is what makes people run after it. The definition I'd commend to you is: a brand is a promise consistently delivered.
In other words, in any dealings with your organisation, your public's experience should be predictable and positive on an emotional and practical level. Whether you like it or not, your company is already a brand. It may not be exactly what you want, it possibly isn't formed, but each and every day in all your commercial dealings you affirm what your brand stands for.

So why is a strong brand so important?

In essence, people buy brands, not products. It's a well told marketing truth that explains why even such uncomplicated and commodity products and services such as utility suppliers, bottled water manufacturers and telephone directory enquiry services have all spent a great deal of time 'and not a little money' in positioning themselves as distinct and appealing brands in a very cluttered market place.
It wasn't that long ago that buying a bottle of drinking water let alone a specific brand was an anathema. It wouldn't have made sense and any rational person would have baulked at the prospect. And there's the rub, we aren't exclusively rational in our behaviour.
And thank goodness for that. What a frightening and predictable world it would be if we applied Vulcan-like logic to the decisions we face in life. Luckily we all possess a healthy quotient of irrationality that affects our behaviour, which makes life more interesting and marketing more challenging.
Brands, or more accurately brand strategies, are geared to plug in to human frailties and idiosyncrasies. In truth, the most successful brands are specifically created to help consumers choose a product or service on other than rational criteria.
The logo that adorns your shirt's breast pocket, the fridge door or that little leather handbag - it's all about reaffirming your personality.

Never underestimate the power of a brand

There is a wealth of empirical evidence that demonstrates the value of a strong brand to a company. On the one hand, it will facilitate better distribution and help maintain price differentials. In pure accountancy terms, the brand value is classed as an intangible asset but one that in some cases is worth more than the bricks and mortar that constitute the company that built the brand in the first place. The Coca-Cola brand alone is worth in excess of $70 billion.

So how do we create a brand?

Your company will have created brand associations purely by existing. No doubt through experience or research or both, you'll have covered a niche that's right for you. Now the main, and sometimes painful task, is to be honest about your company and your aspirations for it.

Most brand strategies reflect inherent truths. Find out what your customers, suppliers and distributors all really think of you. Build on the positive and rectify the negative. It's then time to define your brand positioning where, in the competitive marketplace, your company will sit. What are the marketing gaps and opportunities and will you feel comfortable occupying them?
Time for another maxim: never underestimate the consumer. In essence, if you pretend to be something you're not, then you will be found out. Working to your strengths, backed up by the acknowledged reality is the way to go.
As a guide, here is a five point checklist for ensuring the ultimate brand proposition is likely to thrive:
  1. Credible - Is what you say about yourselves believable?
  2. Sustainable - Can you then maintain the values you're promoting?
  3. Relevant - Does what you're claiming strike a chord with your audiences?
  4. Motivating - Will your brand proposition be sufficiently potent to generate action?
  5. Differentiating - Does what you say set you apart from your competitors?

A word of caution

It is always tempting to start building a brand on what is actually an operating strength. Unless these strengths can be translated into meaningful consumer benefits, they should be discarded. For example, characteristics and attributes like quality, tradition, service or, saints preserve us, craftsmanship, carry the faintest whiff of staleness. Agreed, they're fine and necessary means to an end, but consumers are a canny and unforgiving lot, who want to know what's in it for them.

Let's take a hypothetical example where an independent kitchen manufacturer YXZ Ltd, produces a range of cutting-edge, contemporary and state of the art products. Its brand positioning might be around, say, 'exclusivity'. As a brand proposition, we need to be more engaging, so perhaps 'be adventurous with design' is where there's scope. Straight away there are connotations of a prestigious, premium and, of course, exclusive brand.

Brand power

Finally, the headline in the advertisement features an examples of YXZ's products could read "Just how daring are you in the kitchen?". You will polarise views, but you will also win staunch advocates who share XYZ's sense of edginess. Your audience will at least know what you stand for. 


Source:ceoonline.com

Connecting with Consumers Using Deep Metaphors



Executive Summary:

Consumer needs and desires are not entirely mysterious. In fact, marketers of successful brands regularly draw on a rich assortment of insights excavated from research into basic frames or orientations we have toward the world around us, according to HBS professor emeritus Gerald Zaltman and Lindsay Zaltman, authors of Marketing Metaphoria. Here's a Q&A and book excerpt. Key concepts include:
  • Deep metaphors are powerful predictors of what customers think and how they react to new or existing goods and services.
  • The seven deep metaphors discussed in Marketing Metaphoria appear across a variety of products.
  • Recent advances in various disciplines are providing concepts and techniques enabling marketers to dig into what consumers don't know they know.

About Faculty in this Article:

HBS Faculty Member Gerald Zaltman
Gerald Zaltman is the Joseph C. Wilson Professor of Business Administration Emeritus at Harvard Business School.
Think of famous brands you know: Hallmark cards and Coca-Cola soft drinks, for example. What do these products have in common for consumers?
An emotional meaning that taps into thoughts and feelings related to the positive aspects of transformation, according to Gerald Zaltman and Lindsay Zaltman, authors of Marketing Metaphoria: What Deep Metaphors Reveal about the Minds of Consumers (HBS Press, 2008). Transformation is just one metaphor that finds expression in products that satisfy deeply held consumer needs and desires. Other metaphors they notice include balance, journey, and connection.
Gerald Zaltman, an emeritus professor at Harvard Business School, and Lindsay Zaltman, managing director of Olson Zaltman Associates, a research and consulting firm, believe that deep insights from consumers are essential for brands that resonate. In this e-mail Q&A, they describe the thinking behind Marketing Metaphoria and how insights about deep metaphors can improve brand success.
Martha Lagace: What are deep metaphors?
Gerald Zaltman and Lindsay Zaltman: Deep metaphors are basic frames or orientations we have toward the world around us. They are "deep" because they are largely unconscious and universal. They are "metaphors" because they recast everything we think about, hear, say, and do. Because deep metaphors shape the way we engage the world, an understanding of them is necessary to explain why we think and act as we do.
While relatively few in number, much like core emotions, each deep metaphor may take many different forms. For example, balance may involve social, psychological, physical, and aesthetic themes. The small number of deep metaphors, each with many variations, and often working together, constitute a silent but rich and powerful language of thought and expression.
It is a language that marketers must learn to speak if they are to understand and connect meaningfully with their customers.
Q: How did you become fascinated by deep metaphors?
A: We noticed in study after study all around the world that deep metaphors were the most powerful predictors of what customers think and how they react to new or existing goods and services. It was as if we had identified a secret code of thought, one that customers were unaware they were using. For any given topic, two or three basic deep metaphors would be highly relevant no matter how varied the set of customers or consumers being studied were in other ways.
It was as if we had identified a secret code of thought.
The seven deep metaphors discussed in Marketing Metaphoria are those appearing most often across a variety of products ranging from the choice of motor oil for trucks to baby aspirin to home computers to the meaning of quality health care.
Q: Why are these metaphors important for effective marketing? What happens when marketing does not give attention to them in branding and other efforts?
A: Most thinking occurs without awareness. Even conscious thought originates in unconscious processes. Growing recognition of this is one reason for the increased interest among marketers of the role of emotions in decision-making.
Deep metaphors, being a part of this unconscious language of thought, have three special implications for marketers. First, they are the best, and some linguists argue the only way, to learn about the content of emotions. Knowing the actual content of an emotion is critical. The right type of emotion might be activated but involve the wrong content.
For example, when an advertisement, brand name, scent, or some other stimulus produces a negative reaction, deep metaphors enable us to discover whether shame, guilt, or some other negative feeling is producing the aversive or negative experience.
Second, deep metaphors provide the basic foundations for the brand stories people create based on marketing communications. If managers are to influence the stories consumers create or their relationship with a brand or company, they need to know what deep metaphors are operating. These metaphor insights then allow managers to leverage them in advertising, packaging, product design, and so on. For this reason, they are fundamental building blocks for developing customer relationships.
Third, because deep metaphors are shared by consumers who may vary considerably on the surface, they become very powerful tools for developing new product concepts, communicating about them, restructuring market segmentation strategies, and simplifying product design processes. They are the way of answering the important question, "What is the common denominator around or about which consumers vary?" We can't say that two groups, for instance, are different without reference to a common yardstick. That common yardstick—or deep metaphor—is far more important to understand than the various positions taken on it, although those too are important.
Q: What to your mind are a few effective marketing campaigns that have utilized knowledge of deep metaphors? What did they do that was unusual or insightful?
A: Two classic campaigns come to mind. One is Coca-Cola's "I'd like to teach the world to sing," which invokes the deep metaphor of connection and the ability of the brand to bring diverse people together. It also engaged the deep metaphor of social balance by stressing with a music metaphor the concept of harmony.
A second campaign is the Michelin tire ad portraying the tire as a container—another deep metaphor—of safety for one's family, especially children. The last version of the ad, which ran for many years, showed a child positioned within a tire on a wet surface accompanied by several pairs of animals. This invoked imagery of Noah's Ark, one of the most famous containers of all time that withstood a major catastrophe.
Q: How do you see the future of marketing? Is marketing becoming more or less responsive to consumer needs and desires?
A: Marketers in general have always tried to be responsive to consumer needs and preferences. The issue is whether they do so as well as they could by using the most appropriate or insight-bearing tools and techniques. The high failure rate of new offerings and the failure of existing offerings to achieve expected returns suggests that many marketers are not thinking deeply enough about their customers or consumers. And they fail to think deeply enough partly because they lack deep insights to think about.
Fortunately, recent advances in various disciplines are providing concepts and techniques enabling marketers to dig into what consumers don't know they know. As these advances in understanding human behavior are used by marketers, they will be able to serve their markets with greater success.
Q: What are you working on next?
Gerald Zaltman: I have had a long-standing interest in how managers approach messy or ill-structured problems. These are nonroutine problems with no clear solution. It may not even be evident what the problem is, only that there is one. I have collected considerable data on this topic and will be conducting further interviews to understand the qualities of mind that contribute to success in dealing with this important class of problems.
Lindsay Zaltman: I have been exploring new ways to leverage the power of deep metaphors in other research methods. For instance, I have been developing an applied ethnographic approach that allows us to see how deep metaphors influence the behaviors and actions of consumers by spending time with them in their actual environment. This may mean spending time with consumers by observing them in their homes, on shopping excursions, at social functions, or at their jobs. Insights from this approach can be used for improving product design, reengineering retail environments, or simply as a way to better understand one's customers.